Shoulder injuries in handball

Rukomet je sport u kojem rukometaši i rukometašice često ozljeđuju zglobove, kosti, mišiće i tetive. Najčešće ozljede su ozljede ramena koje nastaju zbog specifičnog izbačaja lopte prilikom bacanja i šutiranja. Do ozljede ramena, također može doći prilikom pada koji je neizbježan element igre. Ozljede koje su karakteristične za rukomet su: nestabilnosti ramena koje mogu biti prednje, stražnje i donje, subakromijalni sindrom sraza (sindrom prenaprezanja) koji nastaje kao posljedica prekomjerne upotrebe dominantne ruke, zatim mogu nastati rupture rotatorne manžete koje mogu biti parcijalne ili potpune te može doći do oštećenja i ozljeda tetiva duge glave bicepsa. Klinička dijagnoza ovih ozljeda postavlja se uz pomoć anamnestičkih podataka, kliničkog pregleda i radiološke obrade. Liječenje obuhvaća odmor i fizikalnu terapiju, lokalnu primjenu protuupalnih lijekova i kirurško liječenje. Liječenje ozljede mora započeti odmah nakon njezina nastanka kako bi se sportaš u što kraćem vremenu vratio na sportski teren. Od fizioterapijskih postupaka koristi se led, terapijski ultrazvuk, elektroterapija, terapija laserom. U kasnijoj fazi, kada se bolnost smanji, izvode se vježbe za povećanje opsega pokreta te vježbe jačanja mišića rotatorne manžete. U daljnjem programu vježbanja potrebno je izvoditi preventivne vježbe, te vježbe istezanja kako bi se smanjila mogućnost ponovnog nastanka ozljede.Handball is a sport in which handball players often injure joints, bones, muscles and tendons. The most common injuries are shoulder injuries that occur due to the specific throwing of the ball when throwing and shooting. A shoulder injury can also occur during a fall which is an inevitable element of the game. Injuries that are characteristic of handball are: shoulder instabilities which can be front, back and lower, subacromial collision syndrome (overexertion syndrome) which occurs as a result of excessive use of the dominant arm, then rotator cuff ruptures can occur which can be partial or complete and can damage and injury to the tendon of the long head of the biceps. The clinical diagnosis of these injuries is made with the help of anamnestic data, clinical examination and radiological processing. Treatment includes rest and physical therapy, topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs, and surgical treatment. Treatment of the injury must begin immediately after its occurrence in order for the athlete to return to the sports field as soon as possible. From physiotherapeutic procedures, ice, therapeutic ultrasound, electrotherapy, laser therapy are used. At a later stage, when the pain decreases, exercises to increase the range of motion and exercises to strengthen the muscles of the rotator cuff are performed. In the further exercise program, it is necessary to perform preventive exercises and stretching exercises in order to reduce the possibility of recurrence of the injury