Nozokomijalne infekcije u kardiovaskularnoj klinici i modaliteti prevencije: retrospektivno monocentrično istraživanje

CILJ: Ispitati prevalenciju i vrstu nozokomnijalnih infekcija, kao i stopu učestalosti rezistentnih sojeva kod pacijenata koji su prošli kirurški zahvat u Klinici za kardiovaskularne bolesti „Magdalena“. ISPITANICI I METODE: Istraţivanje je obuhvaćalo sve pacijente liječene u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja u periodu od 01.01.2020. – 31.12.2020 godine koji su prošli kardijalnu ili / i vaskularnu operaciju, a razvili su odreĎenu bolničku infekciju. Podaci su prikupljeni iz medicinske dokumentacije te bolničkog informacijskog sustava. Analizirani su i prikazani deskritivnom statistikom. REZULTATI: U razdoblju od godine dana u Klinici „Magdalena“ je operirano 705 kardiovaskularnih bolesnika, a njih 63 je u Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja razvilo simptome pojedine nozokomijalne infekcije. Bolničku infekciju je zadobilo 8% bolesnika. Najveći udio bili su bolesnici koji su prošli kardijalnu operaciju. Najzastupljenije su bile urinarne infekcije (36%) i respiratorne (18%). Prosječni BMI (body mass index) daje rezultate prekomjerne tjelesne teţine. Najčešći uzročnici bile su gram negativne bakterije. Rezistenciju je stvorilo 21% ispitanika. ZAKLJUČAK: Analiza cjelokupnih podataka 705 operiranih bolesnika u razdoblju od godine dana ukazuje kako su 63 pacijenata u Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja razvili simptome pojedine nozokomijalne infekcije što je 8% bolesnika. Obzirom da su najzastupljenije intrahospitalne infekcije bile urinarne i respiratorne analiza podataka će svakako posluţiti u smjeru daljnjih mjera kako bi se i taj postotak smanjio naravno ukoliko se moţe.GOAL: To test the prevalence and types of nosocomial infections, as well as the frequency rate of resistant kinds in patients that have undergone a surgical procedure in the Polyclinic for cardiovascular diseases 'Magdalena'. EXAMINEES AND METHODES: The research included all patients treated in the intensive care unit, in the time period between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2020, that have undergone a cardiac and/or vascular surgery, and have also contracted and developed a certain hospital-acquired infection. The dana was collected from the medical records as well as the hospital's information's system. They have been analyzed and are displayed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In a time span of a year in the Polyclinic 'Magdalena' 705 cardiovascular patients have undergone surgery, 63 of which have developed symptoms of certain nosocomial infections while in the intensive care unit. 8% of patients have contracted a hospital-acquired infection. The largest portion were the patients that had cardiac surgery. The most common were urinary (36%) and respiratory (18%) infections. The average BMI (body mass index) shows the results of overweight. The most frequent causes were gram-negative bacteria. 21% of the examinees have gained resistance. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the overall data of the examinees shows that 63 out of the 705 surgical patients within a year while staying in the intensive care unit have developed symptoms of a certain nosocomial infection, which is 8%. Considering that the most frequent hospital-acquired infections were urinary and respiratory, the data analysis should be used as a guide in the forming of new protocols in order to lower that percentage, if that could be achieved