The aim of this thesis is to design and mechanically characterize periodic architectural materials, with a focus on the case of thin sheets. These solids are characterized by their micro-architecture, obtained by periodically repeating elementary meshes, which confer exceptional macroscopic properties. The advances in 3D printing techniques offer the possibility to manufacture micro architectures of ever more complex shapes, opening the way to new possibilities related to their design. The study is placed within the framework of materials with elastic linear behaviours and is based upon asymptotic homogenization, and topology optimization with the level set method. The first part deals with the systematic design cycle of thin architectured...