Climate and environmental changes have led some Sahelian rivers watersheds in West Africa to a paradoxical behavior: runoff coefficients have increased despite rainfall deficit (1970-1990) and re-greening (1990 to present). The lack of reliable data on the monitoring of environmental dynamics in West Africa has limited application of Newtonian models to understand this paradoxical hydrological behavior. This thesis aims to better understand the hydrological behavior of the Sahelian watersheds despite the context of insufficient data. The methodology adopted consisted first of an analysis of hydro-climatic and environmental variability to observe the changes undergone by the watersheds. Secondly, Budyko type model based on Darwinian approach...