In this thesis, we examine several arithmetic questions concerning the periodic points and multipliers of a rational map. We study the set of complex parameters c for which two given points a and b are simultaneously preperiodic for the quadratic polynomial f_c(z) = z^2 +c. Combining complex-analytic and number-theoretic arguments, Baker and DeMarco showed that this set of parameters is infinite if and only if a^2 = b^2. Recently, Buff answered a question of theirs, proving that the set of parameters c for which both 0 and 1 are preperiodic for f_c equals {-2, -1, 0}. We complete the description of these sets when a and b are two integers such that |a| ≠ |b|. We also examine a conjecture by Milnor concerning rational maps whose multiplier a...