Exploring the Effects of Urban Built Environment on Road Travel Speed Variability with a Spatial Panel Data Model

Road traffic congestion is a common problem in most large cities, and exploring the root causes is essential to alleviate traffic congestion. Travel behavior is closely related to the built environment, and affects road travel speed. This paper investigated the direct effect of built environment on the average travel speed of road traffic. Taxi trajectories were divided into 30 min time slot (48 time slots throughout the day) and matched to the road network to obtain the average travel speed of road segments. The Points of Interest (POIs) in the buffer zone on both sides of the road segment were used to calculate the built environment indicators corresponding to the road segment, and then a spatial panel data model was proposed to assess the influence of the built environment adjacent to the road segment on the average travel speed of the road segment. The results demonstrated that the bus stop density, healthcare service density, sports and leisure service density, and parking entrance and exit density are the key factors that positively affect the average road travel speed. The residential community density and business building density are the key factors that negatively affect the average travel speed. Built environments have spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity in their influence on the average travel speed of road segments. Findings of this study may provide useful insights for understanding the correlation between road travel speed and built environment, which would have important implications for urban planning and governance, traffic demand forecasting and traffic system optimization