Untargeted Microbial Exometabolomics and Metabolomics Analysis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> J99 and <i>jhp0106</i> Mutant

Untargeted metabolomic profiling provides the opportunity to comprehensively explore metabolites of interest. Herein, we investigated the metabolic pathways associated with Jhp0106, a glycosyltransferase enzyme in Helicobacter pylori. Through untargeted exometabolomic and metabolomic profiling, we identified 9 and 10 features with significant differences in the culture media and pellets of the wild-type (WT) J99 and jhp0106 mutant (Δjhp0106). After tentative identification, several phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) were identified in the culture medium, the levels of which were significantly higher in WT J99 than in Δjhp0106. Moreover, the reduced lysophosphatidic acid absorption from the culture medium and the reduced intrinsic diacylglycerol levels observed in Δjhp0106 indicate the possibility of reduced PE synthesis in Δjhp0106. The results suggest an association of the PE synthesis pathway with flagellar formation in H. pylori. Further investigations should be conducted to confirm this finding and the roles of the PE synthesis pathway in flagellar formation. This study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed extraction procedure and untargeted exometabolomic and metabolomic profiling strategies for microbial metabolomics. They may also extend our understanding of metabolic pathways associated with flagellar formation in H. pylori