Cost effective techniques for building construction in Sri Lanka

The cost of construction is gradually becoming a deterrent for large scale projects since a high capital cost will need higher returns from the facilities to make the investments viable. Therefore, there is an urgent need to control the cost of construction per square metre in order to make civil engineering projects financially more attractive. This can create more employment in the civil and building sectors for all segments involved. During the past decade, a large number of alternative building materials have been developed for the housing sector. Some of these include walling materials, alternative slab systems and roofing materials. Some of these can match the performance in both structural and durability terms while costing less. Some of these also allow reducing the amount of money spent for finishes and may have savings in formwork/falsework requirements. Most of these products are environmentally more acceptable. In this research, the structural concepts are developed for adopting the alternative building materials for reinforced concrete frame construction used in large engineering projects. Detailed designs and costing based on work studies have been used to evaluate the cost advantages offered by the use of these alternative materials. This thesis presents the details of this study in terms of structural performance, durability, savings in finishes and cost aspects which can make the alternative building products much more popular for large building projects. In Sri Lanka cement stabilized soil block technology is used for single and two-storey construction. It is yet to penetrate to large building projects. Another alternative to brickwork is chip concrete blocks. These are initially introduced as hand moulded blocks, but now becoming popular with machine moulding. The main advantages are greater strength, lower shtinkage and lesser use of cement. The feasibility of using these materials as infill walls is investigated. Another advantage is the ability to avoid the plastering thus achieving further cost saving. An alternative reinforced concrete precast slab system was introduced to the housing sector recently. The feasibility of using this in framed building is also investigated. Based on all these investigations, the design methodology, construction techniques and alternative finishes were presented. Detailed cost studies were carried out to determine the cost savings associated with different combinations of adopting above alternative materials. The cost savings were calculated as the basis of the actual costs and the associated project costs