Projection method for blockchain-enabled non-iterative decentralized management in integrated natural gas-electric systems and its application in digital twin modelling

Integrating natural gas and electricity systems increases system flexibility for the accommodation of the large penetration level of renewable energy and thus achieves decarbonization in the energy system. This paper aims at providing non-iterative and scalable decentralized energy management for multi-integrated natural gas-electricity systems with uncertain wind power. An operation space projection transformation method is proposed to reformulate the electricity and natural gas system operation problems for constructing equivalent feasible operation space with the optimality information contained. Accordingly, the proposed decentralized management is privacy-preserving, low-complex, and globally optimal. Moreover, the mathematical proof of the optimality of the reformulated problem is provided. In addition to privacy protection, trust issues are taken into account. Blockchain is applied to safeguard the proposed decentralized management against potential malicious behaviours. We introduce how the proposed decentralized management is embedded in the consensus process of the blockchain. The potential of the projection transformation method in the digital twin application is analyzed. Numerical results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized energy management method. The synergistic effect and robustness of the proposed operation model are embodied, while the computational accuracy and performance of the non-iterative solution technique are validated