Litteraturöversikt av farmakogenomik hos barnonkologiska patienter relaterat till cytostatikainducerad toxicitet

Literature review of pharmacogenomics in pediatric oncology patients related to chemotherapy-induced toxicity Abstract Background: As children are expected to live long after their treatment of cancer, it is important to reduce the risk of toxicities. Chemotherapy-induced toxicities can result in interruption or discontinuation of treatment, and the variability in toxicities among pediatric patients can be explained by inter-individual variability in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Part of this variability can be explained by genetic variations. By establishing an individualized treatment in pediatric oncology, the risk of chemotherapy-induced toxicities can be reduced. Aim: The aim of the project is to map positive and negative associations between genetic variations and the various chemotherapy-induced toxicities that affect pediatric oncology patients. Method: This literature search was performed by using Embase, Web of Science and PubMed. The articles that were included are those that describe an association between one or more genetic variations and side effects caused of chemotherapy in children between 0-18 years with a cancer diagnosis. Only articles written in English were included. Results: Only articles published 2021 were included. Eleven out of 26 articles were included where associations between different genetic variants and the risk of developing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, mucositis, ototoxicity, and vincristine-induced peripheral neurotoxicity were identified. Conclusions: The results of this literature review indicate that there are several gene polymorphisms that have the potential to be used to predict the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced toxicity in pediatric oncology patients. Although some studies may observe significant evidence between some toxicity and gene polymorphism, further studies are required to achieve better validation before any guidelines can be established