High-Frequency oscillations in scalp Electroencephalography mirror seizure frequency in pediatric focal epilepsy

High-frequency oscillations (HFO) are promising EEG biomarkers of the epilep-togenic zone (EZ). While evidence mainly derives from invasive recordings, recent studies have used HFO recordings in more accessible scalp EEG. However, HFO in scalp EEG have low signal to noise ratio and may be masked by artifacts. Therefore, even though scalp EEG is easily accessible, scalp HFO are not yet used in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated whether scalp HFO rates correspond to epilepsy severity and how they are affected by surgical therapy