On Building a Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer

186 pagesThis thesis describes a variety of topics and techniques for building a scalable quantum computer. Some topics discussed are within the field of active error correction: magic state distillation, stabilizer code conversion, and bounds on thresholds and efficiency for quantum decoders. In particular, we present an algorithm that produces a mapping between any two stabilizer codes, either by performing unitary operations or through projective measurements. Another piece discussed is the efficient simulation of novel quantum hardware using tensor network techniques. We present some results from our model of a family of superinductors. Lastly, we discuss our driven-dissipative approach to preparing quantum states. We give a protocol for producing an optical analog of the Laughlin state in an open quantum system using AMO techniques -- a step towards creating many-body fractional quantum Hall states having non-Abelian excitations