The Incriminating Sound of Silence: A Need for Protection of Post-Arrest, Pre-\u3ci\u3eMiranda\u3c/i\u3e Silence

I. Introduction II. Historical Origins of the Right to Remain Silent III. Silence Prior to Miranda Warnings ... A. Pre-Arrest Silence as Substantive Evidence of Guilt ... B. Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence for Impeachment Purposes IV. Circuit Court Split: Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence as Evidence of Guilt ... A. Circuit Courts Allowing Use of Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence as Evidence of Guilt ... B. Circuit Courts Prohibiting Use of Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence as Evidence of Guilt V. Analysis ... A. Miranda as a Mere Reminder ... B. Silence as Compulsion ... C. Policy Justifications for Prohibiting Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence in the Prosecution’s Case-in-Chief ... D. The Confusion of Berghuis v. Thompkins on Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence VI. Conclusio