Research on efficacy of different trap crops and environmentally acceptable methods of controlling the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stal], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) in an orchard

V letu 2021 smo izvedli poljski poskus, v katerem smo želeli preučiti privabilnost štirih posevkov (sončnice, soje, lucerne in sirka) ter učinkovitost treh okoljsko sprejemljivih pripravkov proti marmorirani smrdljivki (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]). Uporabili smo sredstvi Botanigard WP in Nemaplus®, ki temeljita na biotičnih agensih (Beauveria bassiana in Steinernema feltiae) ter sredstvo NeemAzal – T/S, ki temelji na izvlečku rastline Azadirachta indica. Za namen preverjanja učinkovitosti sredstev smo določili tudi negativno kontrolo (brez uporabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev) in pozitivno kontrolo (uporaba sredstva Karate Zeon 5 CS). Poskusa smo postavili ob sadovnjaku jablane (Malus domestica Borkh.) v Mirnu na Primorskem. Del poskusa, ki je bil namenjen popisovanju privabilnosti, je bil ločen od dela poskusa, ki je služil ocenjevanju učinkovitosti pripravkov. Pojavljanje škodljivca smo ocenjevali po razvojnih stadijih, tako na privabilnih posevkih, kot tudi na jablani in sicer v 10-dnevnih intervalih. Istočasno smo popisovali tudi razvojne stadije posevkov. Preučevana sredstva smo na rastline nanašali v 10-dnevnih intervalih. Pojavljanje škodljivca na tretiranih rastlinah smo ocenjevali pred in po nanosu sredstev. Največje povprečno število osebkov vrste H. halys smo v preučevanem obdobju zabeležili na glavni rastlinski vrsti, jablani. Od privabilnih posevkov je sirek najbolj učinkovito privabljal H. halys, sledila mu je sončnica, na soji in lucerni pa smo zabeležili najmanjše povprečno število škodljivcev. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je pojavnost stenice na privabilnih posevkih povezana s fenofazo posevkov. Povečanje pojavnosti smo zabeležili, ko so posevki vstopili v fenofazo razvoja plodu. Ugotovili smo tudi, da pripravki Nemaplus®, Botanigard WP in NeemAzal – T/S na pojav stenice niso imeli vpliva, saj smo v teh obravnavanjih ugotovili podobno povprečno število škodljivcev kot v negativni kontroli. Značilno najmanjše povprečno število osebkov marmorirane smrdljivke smo zabeležili v obravnavanju pozitivna kontrola.In 2021, we conducted a field experiment, where we wanted to examine the use of four crops (sunflower, soybean, alfalfa and sorghum) as a method of attracting the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]). We also studied the efficacy of three bio insecticides (Botanigard WP, Nemaplus® and NeemAzal – T/S ) on the proposed crops against H. halys. Two of the three bio insecticides that we used were based on biological control agents (Beauveria bassiana and Steinernema feltiae) and the third was of plant origin, based on azadirachtin (Azadirachta indica). We also determined a negative control (no insecticide application) and a positive control (Karate Zeon 5 CS application) for the purpose of verification of the selected bio insecticides. The experiment was set up next to an apple orchard in Miren, located in the Primorska region of Slovenia. We divided the experiment into two segments, so that the first part, which was intended only for incidence assessment of the pest, was separated from the second part that served to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected bio insecticides. The occurrence of the pest was assessed by it\u27s developmental stages, both on trap crops and apple trees at 10-day intervals. At the same time we also recorded the phenophases of each trap crop. The studied bio insecticides were applied on the trap crops at 10-day intervals. The occurrence of the pest on the treated crops was assessed before and after insecticide application. During the period of the study the highest average number of H. halys was recorded on the primary host plant, apple trees. Sorghum was the most effective in attracting H. halys among the selected trap crops, followed by sunflower, soybean and alfalfa. We also discovered that the occurrence of the pest is realted to the phenophase of the crop. An increase of the pest was recorded when most crops entered the growth stage of the development of the fruit. We also found that Nemaplus®, Botanigard WP and NeemAzal – T/S had no effect on the pest and had no affect on the occurence of H. halys (same averages as in the negative control). The only significantly low average number of stink bugs was recorded on the positive control treatment