Nurses\u27 role in diabetic foot screening

Uvod: Diabetična noga je eden najpogostejših zapletov sladkorne bolezni, ki predstavlja pomembno breme za zdravstveni sistem ter zmanjšuje kakovost življenja bolnika s sladkorno boleznijo. Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo pri obravnavi in preprečevanju nastanka diabetične noge ter zapletov povezanih z njo. V Sloveniji poteka obravnava bolnika s sladkorno boleznijo z diabetično nogo na vseh treh ravneh zdravstvenega varstva. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstavitev presejalnega programa diabetične noge na vseh treh ravneh zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji ter vlogo medicinske sestre. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na opisni metodi. Opravljen je bil tematski pregled literature, ki smo jo iskali v bazah podatkov: COBBISS, PubMED, CINAHL in Google Scholar. Literatura je bila iskana tako v slovenskem kot angleškem jeziku s pomočjo iskalnih sintaks: nurse AND diabetic foot, nurse AND diabetes, diabetic foot, diabetic foot AND shoes, presejanje diabetičnega stopala Slovenija. Literatura je bila iskana tudi preko spletnih strani: International Diabetes Federation, Endodiab, Ministrstvo za zdravje, Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje. Rezultati: Prepoznava ogrožene noge, reden pregled nog bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo, zdravstvena vzgoja, svetovanje glede primerne nege in obutve so ukrepi, s pomočjo katerih medicinska sestra pozitivno vpliva na zmanjšanje pojavnosti diabetične noge. Medicinska sestra je na vseh treh ravneh zdravstvenega varstva vključena v obravnavo bolnika z diabetično nogo. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotavljamo, da se po kompleksni obravnavi pri medicinski sestri bolniku s sladkorno boleznijo uravna raven glukoze v krvi, krvni tlak, poveča se opolnomočenost bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo. Prav tako je zdravstvena vzgoja bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo in njihovih svojcev boljša. Posledično nastane manj razjed na diabetični nogi, preprečujejo se amputacije. Izsledki diplomskega dela so pokazali pomembnost dela medicinske sestre. Kljub temu so potrebne še nadaljnje raziskave na tem področju, da bi dobili vzročno-posledične povezave med njenim delom in pojavnostjo diabetične noge.Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes, which represents a significant burden on the health system and reduces the quality of life of a diabetic patient. The nurse has an important role in prevention and treatment of diabetic foot and associated complications. In Slovenia, people with diabetic foot are treated at all three levels of health care. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the screening program for diabetic foot at all three levels of health care in Slovenia and the role of the nurse. Methods: Thesis is based on the descriptive method. A thematic review of the literature was carried out. The search was performed in following databases: COBBISS, PubMED, CINAHL and Google Scholar. The literature was searched in both Slovene and English, with the help of search syntaxes: nurse AND diabetic foot, nurse AND diabetes, diabetic foot, diabetic foot AND shoes, diabetic foot screening Slovenia. Literature was also searched through the websites: International Diabetes Federation, Endodiab, Ministrstvo za zdravje, Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje. Results: Identifying endangered feet, regular examination of the diabetic foot, education, advising of appropriate care and footwear are measures that are used by nurse and have a positive effect on reducing the incidence of diabetic foot. A nurse is involved in treating a diabetic foot patient at all three levels of health care. Discussion and conclusion: We found out that a complex care by a nurse has a following effect on a patient with diabetes: the level of glycemia and blood pressure are better regulated, the empowerment of patients with diabetes is increased. Also, the knowledge of diabetics and their relatives is increased. As a result, fewer diabetic foot ulcers, amputations are prevented. The results of the diploma thesis showed the importance of the work of a nurse. Nevertheless, further research is needed in this area to obtain a cause-and-effect relationship between her work and the occurrence of diabetic foot