Earthworm services: an agroecological perspective: Earthworm services

Soil is the most biodiverse habitat on earth. Evidence shows that earthworms contribute to shaping the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and agroecosystems. However, it is very well known and common to say earthworm (vermicompost and lixiviates) when there is a great diversity of earthworms found in the soil of various crops. In most tropical agroecosystems earthworms are the most abundant biomass and it has been suggested that domesticated plants have evolved together with earthworms. Also, earthworms have long shown to beneficially affect soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The overall objective is to review the invisible and silent role of earthworms “agroecosystem engineers” in the improving soil structure, there interaction with symbiont microorganism, mineralization and availability of nutrients, removal of contaminants, regulation of foliar herbivory and increase of crop yields. It is concluded that earthworms as a soil quality improver cannot be considered separately from agroecosystems. Therefore, their protection, promotion and management are suggested in order to manage, conserve and restore soil health and produce crops in a sustainable way.Objective: To review and discuss the invisible and silent role of the activity of earthworms, which are considered “agroecosystem engineers”. Design/methodology/approach: A database search of scientific articles published in Mexico and worldwide was performed. Results: The literature reviewed shows that earthworms constitute the most abundant biomass in the vast majority of tropical agroecosystems. In addition, earthworms have long been shown to improve a) soil structure; b) interaction with symbiotic microorganisms; c) nutrient mineralization and availability; d) pollutant removal; e) regulation of foliar herbivory; and f) crop yields. Limitations on study/implications: Most studies have been conducted in laboratories and greenhouses. Findings/conclusions: Earthworms increase soil quality and agricultural productivity. Their protection, promotion, and management are suggested in order to manage, preserve, and restore soil health, as well as to ensure a sustainable crop production