Untangling media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy: a systematic meta-review of core concepts in media education

This article offers a systematic meta-review of the scientific literature discussing the concepts of information literacy, media literacy and digital literacy. Unlike most systematic reviews, which gather, analyze and synthesize evidence from published empirical research, our review undertakes a critical appraisal of the published literature reviews focused on one or more of these three concepts (hence the term “metareview”). In so doing, it highlights a growing conceptual complexity, heterogeneous perspectives, and a certain degree of theoretical disorganization causing operationalization problems in research