The Effect of Raw Material on the Identification of Knapping Skill: a Case Study from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

The identification of Oldowan hominin knapping skill levels has been a focus of numerous studies, with apparent variation in technical abilities identified between a number of Early Stone Age archaeological sites. Raw material variability, however, can play a significant role in the outcomes of knapping events as well as in the accuracy of analysis. Implications of such variability are yet to be fully understood. Here we present an experimental study to assess the effects that varying raw materials have on the identification of technological attributes typically associated with varying skill levels and whether it is possible to identify knapper skill levels across multiple raw materials. Variation was tested between raw materials from Olduvai Gorge across and between skill levels. The results suggest that knapping skill levels manifest differently in the material record across raw materials. In addition, we suggest that raw material has a significant effect on identifying knapper skill variation. This has implications for future research concerned with identifying knapper skill within and between early assemblages of differing raw materials.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. T.P is supported by a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship (pf170157). A.B. is supported by a European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action grant PREKARN n:702584 and Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (IJCI-2019-041546-I). I.D.L.T is supported by an ERC-Advanced Grant (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant agreement no. 832980). Support was also provided by the Max Planck Society (Technological Primates Research Group) (to T.P). Raw material collection at Olduvai Gorge was funded by the European Research Council (Starting Grant 283366) and authorised by the Department of Antiquities, TanzaniaPeer reviewe