Conflict and cooperation in tick-host-pathogen interactions contribute to increase tick fitness and survival

This expert opinion discusses the mechanisms of tick-host-pathogen interactions and how these mediate the adaptation of tick species to climate change and hosts while guaranteeing completion of tick and pathogen life cycles as well as their impact on the prevalence of ticks and tick-borne diseases under climatic change events. A spotlight is given on the impact of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection on tick and human cells as well as the relationship between conflict and cooperation of tick-host-pathogen interactions and climate change.Peer reviewe