A fully nonlinear potential flow wave modelling procedure for simulations of offshore sea states with various wave breaking scenarios

An accurate representation of a given sea state is crucial for the study of hydrodynamic loads on offshore structures. It is straightforward to check the quality of the reproduced regular waves in a numerical wave tank (NWT). However, many more parameters need to be considered to ensure the quality of irregular waves. In this paper, a fully non-linear potential flow (FNPF) wave model is used to reproduce irregular sea states with different severity of wave breaking. The numerical model solves the velocity potential from the Laplace equation and the free surface boundary conditions using a finite difference method on a σ-coordinate grid. A comprehensive procedure is introduced to ensure the quality of the reproduced full-scale sea states. The effect of wave spectrum discretisation techniques and breaking wave algorithms are compared for an optimal performance. The evaluation of the simulation results takes into account the kurtosis and the wave crest distribution in addition to the wave spectra. The vertical arrangement of the σ-coordinate grid plays an important role in representing the dispersion relation and a grid optimisation method is explained. The current study provides a working procedure that reproduces high-fidelity irregular sea states with breaking waves in an efficient FNPF NWT