A novel e-government framework using blockchain

The e-Government system leverages Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to transform the relationship between government bodies and citizens, businesses and other government ministries, departments, and agencies. The primary aim is to make government services more seamless, efficient and timely for every citizen and organisation. However, eGovernment systems are now faced with security threats and cyber attacks, and these challenges have raised concerns about users' privacy as well as the confidentiality and integrity of user data. Therefore, this paper assesses the degree of risk and vulnerability associated with websites used for e-Government function. This paper considers one such website, the Saudi's e-government website Yesser, by using three penetration test tools namely Zap, Rapid7, and Nessus. The results show that the Yesser website does not have critical vulnerabilities; however, it has severe and medium-level vulnerabilities. The paper proposes a new framework which can integrate blockchain based scheme into the Saudi eGovernment system. The framework represents a hierarchical model and involves the use of blockchain between the De Militarized Zone (DMZ) and the Secured Intranet zone