A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between sleep duration/quality, mental toughness and resilience amongst healthy individuals

The majority of sleep research has focused on deleterious health outcomes, with little attention to positive sequels. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and/or sleep quality in relation to mental toughness and resilience amongst non-clinical, healthy populations was completed. Eight databases and selected sources for grey literature were searched from their inception to April 2021. A total of 1,925 unique records (1,898 from the database search and 27 from grey sources) were identified and screened against the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 68 studies were eligible and 63 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated a weak, positive correlation between sleep duration and resilience (r=0.11, p<0.001), and sleep quality (r=0.27, p<0.001). The pooled correlation was slightly attenuated for prospective studies pertaining to sleep quality and resilience (r=0.18, p