Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review

peer reviewedHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglyco- sylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi- effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function