Inbreeding Calculated with Runs of Homozygosity Suggests Chromosome-Specific Inbreeding Depression Regions in Line 1 Hereford

The goal of this study was to evaluate inbreeding in a closed beef cattle population and assess phenotype prediction accuracy using inbreeding information. Effects of inbreeding on average daily gain phenotype in the Line 1 Hereford cattle population were assessed in this study. Genomic data were used to calculate inbreeding based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), and pedigree information was used to calculate the probability of an allele being identical by descent. Prediction ability of phenotypes using inbreeding coefficients calculated based on pedigree information and runs of homozygosity over the whole genome was close to 0, even in the case of significant inbreeding coefficient effects. On the other hand, inbreeding calculated per individual chromosomes’ ROH yielded higher accuracies of prediction. Additionally, including only ROH from chromosomes with higher predicting ability further increased prediction accuracy. Phenotype prediction accuracy, inbreeding depression, and the effects of chromosome-specific ROHs varied widely across the genome. The results of this study suggest that inbreeding should be evaluated per individual regions of the genome. Moreover, mating schemes to avoid inbreeding depression should focus more on specific ROH with negative effects. Finally, using ROH as added information may increase prediction of the genetic merit of animals in a genomic selection program