Hints of the Quantum Nature of the Universe in Classical Electrodynamics and Their Connection to the Electronic Charge and Dark Energy

The electromagnetic fields of linear radiating systems working without dispersive and dissipative losses are analyzed both in the time and the frequency domains. In the case of the time domain radiating system, the parameter studied is the action, A, associated with the radiation. The action is defined as the product of the energy and the duration of the radiation. In the case of the frequency domain radiating system, which produces radiation in bursts of duration T/2 where T is the period of oscillation, the parameter studied is the energy, U, dissipated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2. In this paper, we have studied how A and U vary as a function of the charge associated with the current in the radiating system and the ratio of the length of the radiating system and its radius. We have observed remarkable results when this ratio is equal to the ratio of the radius of the universe to the Bohr radius. In the case of the time domain radiating system, we have observed that when the charge associated with the current propagating along the radiator reaches the electronic charge, the action associated with the radiation reduces to h/2*pi where h is the Planck constant. In the case of the frequency domain radiating system, we have observed that as the magnitude of the oscillating charge reduces to the electronic charge, the energy dissipated in a single burst of radiation reduces to h*v, where v is the frequency of oscillation. Interestingly, all these results are based purely on classical electrodynamics and general relativity. The importance of the findings is discussed. In particular, the fact that the minimum free charge that exists in nature is the electronic charge, is shown for the first time to be a direct consequence of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, the presented findings allow to derive for the first time an expression for the dark energy density of the universe in terms of the other fundamental constants in nature, the prediction of which is consistent with experimental observations. This Equation, which combines together the dark energy, electronic charge and mass, speed of light, gravitational constant and Planck constant, creates a link between classical field theories (i.e., classical electrodynamics and general relativity) and quantum mechanics.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure