Individual Heat Substations Integrated with Heat Pumps for District Heating Systems in Ukraine

Energy systems around the world require a sustainable way for energy supply that does not add carbon to the atmosphere and thus does not enlarge the greenhouse effect, which is seen nowadays as the main cause of climate change. Urban housing consumes the most energy in European countries accounting for up to 43 % of final energy, while 65 % of it is spent on house heating and hot tap water supply. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and increasing of energy efficiency of power plants in Ukrainian cities, where district heating systems are centralised, and heat carriers are supplied from central combined heat and power stations based on fossil fuels, can be performed by modifying the existing district heating systems. One of the promising ways is the transition to low-temperature heat carriers from combined heat and power stations, which suppose the use of renewable energy sources, which can be integrated with individual heat substations of houses, and should satisfy the needs of residents in heating and hot water, with the possibility of air conditioning. In the present work, the possible implementation of individual heat substations integrated with heat pumps for low-temperature district heating systems is discussed. The analysis of the possibilities to increase the energy efficiency of the dormitory building with old construction is provided. The method for the design of individual heat substations for heating and hot water supply systems is discussed, including the recommendations for the building renovation