Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in terms of water–energy nexus

Abstract In this paper, (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of an industrial wastewater treatment plant were monitored. GHG emissions originated from treatment processes were considered as the direct emissions and determined using closed chamber method. GHG emission due to energy consumption was regarded as the indirect emissions. In the second stage of the study, it was aimed to reduce GHG emissions in terms of water–energy nexus. If the plant is operated under design conditions, energy consumption would be lower according to water–energy nexus. Also, the effect of design conditions on GHG emissions was investigated. Firstly, the correlation was defined between GHG emissions and operational parameters in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and wastewater flow rate using Monte Carlo simulation. Then, design COD and wastewater flow rate were simulated to determine the possible GHG emission for each month. The simulation results show that minimization of GHG emissions might be possible if wastewater plant is operated under design conditions. The minimum greenhouse gas emission in the result of the simulation study is 8.25 kg CO2-eq/d if the plant is operated under design COD and flow rate. Total reduction in GHG emissions is approximately 30% if the plant is operated under design conditions