The modern methods and means of diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines

Introduction. The subject of the study is the process of diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines that transport natural and waste water, gas, oil and petroleum products. Comprehensive diagnostics helps to maintain the reliability of the pipeline system, reduces the cost of repair and restoration work, and also has a high environmental value. Optimization of the diagnostic procedure includes the selection of the most appropriate technical means and methods of inspection and the sequence of work for the location. No less important for organizations that maintain and operate underwater crossings are the issues of current and major repairs of such facilities: the choice of the most optimal engineering and technical solutions has a significant resource-saving effect. The purpose of this work is to present and describe the most effective methods and tools for diagnostics and repair of underwater pipelines to date. Materials and methods. In order to fully study the processes of diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines, a review of the relevant regulatory and technical documentation was conducted, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists were analyzed, methodological developments and patents of organizations operating and servicing underwater crossings were considered. The review of the market of modern devices, devices and materials used for complex diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines was carried out. The main method of research is documentary. Results. Based on the survey, systematization and analysis of information on modern methods and advanced means of diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines were carried out. The types, methods and stages of diagnostics, devices and apparatuses for conducting surveys of underwater crossings, methods for detecting leaks, types, methods and stages of repairs, devices, apparatuses and materials used for carrying out repair and restoration work, methods of dismantling underwater crossings are considered. The limits of applicability of the considered methods and means of diagnostics and repair were outlined. Conclusions. The theoretical significance of the research consists in a complete description of the methods and means of diagnostics and repair of underwater crossings of the pipelines. The practical significance is the possibility of using the results of the research by specialists in the field of pipeline transport of natural and waste water, gas, oil and petroleum products