Nb–Ta Behaviour during Magma-to-Pegmatite Transformation Process: Record from Zircon Megacrysts in Pegmatite

Due to the absence of early magma records in pegmatites, it is difficult to investigate the behavior of Nb and Ta during the transformation from magma to pegmatite melt. Zircon megacrysts in an NYF-type (Nb-Y-HREE-F) pegmatite from the Arabian Shield could be divided into three phases from core to margin. The Phase Ι zircon in the core of the zircon megacrysts had typical magma oscillatory zonation with ∑REE content from 300 to 400 ppm, Th/U ratios of less than 0.1 and Nb/Ta ratios of less than 1.0. Phase ΙΙ zircon had oscillatory zonation and was enriched with LREEs mostly with Th/U ratios of 0.1–0.2 and Nb/Ta ratios of 1.0–3.0. Phase ΙΙΙ unzoned zircon had the highest ∑REE content, from 8000 to 15,000 ppm, with Th/U ratios higher than 3.0 and Nb/Ta ratios higher than 5.0. The Hf-O isotopic composition was similar in the different phases of zircon with initial 176Hf/177Hf ratios of 0.28258–0.28277, εHf(t) values from 8.0 to 12.0 and δ18OVSMOW from +4.0‰ to +5.0‰. Zircon megacrysts in the NYF-type pegmatite from the Arabian Shield record the transformation from magma to pegmatite melt. Similar Hf-O isotopic compositions mean a closed magmatic system without contamination by external melt, rock or fluid. The proposed modeling shows that magma with low Nb and Ta concentrations and Nb/Ta ratios could evolve into residual pegmatite melt with a high Nb content and superchondrite Nb/Ta ratio during several stages of melt extraction and fractional crystallization of Ti-rich minerals, such as rutile and titanite. The Nb/Ta ratio can be used as an effective indicator of the transformation process from magma to pegmatite melt