The use of mindfulness as an intervention in occupational therapy

Uvod: Holističen pristop k obravnavi posameznika je ključna povezava med čuječnostjo in delovno terapijo. Čuječnost v delovnoterapevtski praksi lahko razumemo kot stanje zavestnega zavedanja med okupacijo in posledično kot učinkovito metodo, ki omogoča posameznikom, da kljub svoji oviranosti živijo polno življenje. Namen: Opredeliti razumevanje in uporabo čuječnosti v delovni terapiji ter raziskati dokaze za uporabo čuječnosti kot terapevtskega pristopa v delovnoterapevtski praksi. Metode dela: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature. Iskanje je potekalo s pomočjo Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scoupus in MEDLINE. Uporabljena je bila tudi dodatna literatura, pridobljena z ročnim pregledovanjem referenc. Pri iskanju smo uporabili kombinacijo različnih ključnih besed v angleščini: čuječnost, delovna terapija, delovni terapevt, na čuječnosti temelječa intervencija, meditacija. V analizo so bili vključeni znanstveni ali strokovni članki v polnem besedilu, objavljeni v angleškem jeziku med letoma 2011 in 2021 iz področja uporabe čuječnosti v delovni terapiji. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 15 člankov. Večina člankov je bila objavljenih v delovnoterapevtskih revijah, 2 članka pa v drugih revijah. V raziskavah zasledimo 5 različnih oblik intervencije s pomočjo čuječnosti. Sodelovalo je najmanj 4 in največ 168 udeležencev, starih od 13 do 82 let, z različnimi patologijami, kot tudi zdravi udeleženci. Razprava in zaključek: Čuječnost v delovni terapiji razumemo na različne načine. Čuječnost v praksi lahko uporabimo kot sredstvo za dosego cilja ali kot okupacijo samo po sebi. Uporablja se v obliki formalne in neformalne prakse ter kot osebna terapevtova praksa. Razlogi za uporabo čuječnosti so: spodbujanje na uporabnika usmerjen pristop, prinašanje konteksta DT, zagotavljanje specifičnih potreb uporabnikov, izboljšanje terapevtskih veščin, omogočanje učinkovite oskrbe in pozitivnega odnosa z uporabnikom. Dokazi raziskav za uporabo čuječnosti kot terapevtskega pristopa so: zmanjšanje stresa, izboljšanje splošnega počutja in kvalitete življenja, povečanje stopnje vključenosti med izvajanjem okupacij, boljše sprejemanje bolezni in bolečine, vzpostavljanje pozitivnega odnosa do življenja, vpliv na emocionalno in psihološko stanje uporabnika, izboljšanje odnosov in zagotavljanje optimalnega dela z uporabniki. Kljub ugotovitvam je trenutna literatura na pregledano tematiko predvsem teoretična, raziskave imajo številne metodološke pomanjkljivosti, zato so za na dokazih temelječo prakso potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.Introduction: A holistic approach to treating the individual is a key link between mindfulness and occupational therapy. Mindfulness in occupational therapy practice can be understood as a state of conscious awareness during occupation and consequently as an effective method that allows individuals to live a life to the fullest despite their disability. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma was to define how mindfulness is being used and understood in occupational therapy and to find out the evidence for the use of mindfulness as an intervention in occupational therapy practice. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. The search was carried out on internet database Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana in the following databases: Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scoupus and MEDLINE. Additional literature obtained by manual review of references was also used. In the search, we used a combination of different keywords in English: mindfulness, occupational therapy, occupational therapist, mindfulness-based intervention, meditation. Full-text scientific or professional articles, published in English between 2011 and 2021 in the field of the use of mindfulness in occupational therapy were included in the analysis. Results: The final analysis included 15 articles. Most of the articles were published in occupational therapy journals and 2 articles were published in other journals. In selected studies, 5 different forms of mindfulness intervention emerged. There were a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 168 participants, aged 13 to 82 years, with various pathologies, as well as healthy participants. Discussion and conclusion: Mindfulness in occupational therapy is understood in different ways. Mindfulness in occupational therapy practice can be used as a means for achieving the goal or as an occupation itself. It is used in the form of formal and informal practices and as a personal therapist practice. Reasons for using mindfulness are: promoting a client-centered approach, bringing the context to OT, providing specific client\u27s needs, improving therapeutic skills, enabling effective care and a positive relationship with clients. Evidence of research to use mindfulness as an intervention is: reducing stress, improving general well-being and quality of life, increasing engagement during occupations, enabling positive acceptance of the disease and pain, establishing a positive attitude towards life, affecting client\u27s emotional and psychological state, improving relationships and ensuring optimal work with clients. Despite the findings, the current literature on the reviewed theme is mainly theoretical, research has many methodological shortcomings, so further research is needed for evidence-based practice