Separating open- from closed-loop supply chains

We argue for a loop literature in supply chain management including the two concepts closed- and open-loop supply chain. From systematic literature reviews of the two concepts, the suggestion is that closed- and open-loop supply chain are two ends of a scale. At one end, the closed-loop supply chain concept captures product recovery options connected to reuse that the manufacturer (or actors further along the supply chain) control. At the other end, the open-loop supply chain concept encapsulates product recovery options connected to recycling that only involve other actors.QC 20220112