PEMIKIRAN DAN KIPRAH K.H. AHMAD DAHLAN DALAM MODERASI BERAGAMA DI KAUMAN, 1912-1923 M.

This research departs from the social conditions of the people in Kauman Yogyakarta, which is known as the religious center of the Yogyakarta palace, the Kauman community which is classified as having a high social status with a syncretic (exclusive) Islamic understanding, but in the community appears the figure of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan who has an important influence through his work in disseminating religious understanding in an inclusive manner. Religious understanding K.H. Ahmad Dahlan inclusively encourages efforts to dynamically understand religious beliefs with the meaning of positioning Islam as Rahmatan Lil Alamin not only Rahmatan Lil Muslimin, so that religious moderation efforts are a consequence of socializing in the midst of diversity. This research will try to answer questions about: first, how did K.H. Ahmad Dahlan about religious moderation in Kauman?; second, how did K.H. Ahmad Dahlan in religious moderation in Kauman?; third, why K.H. Ahmad Dahlan develops religious moderation in Kauman?. This research is expected to see the extent to which K.H. Ahmad Dahlan has thoughts and actions about religious moderation in Kauman, on the other hand, this research is expected to be a contribution to the history of thought. To answer these questions, the researcher uses a research method introduced by Kuntowijoyo that the history of thought uses a text study approach and a study of historical context. The text approach covers eight aspects: thought genesis, thought consistency, thought evolution, thought systematics, development and change, thought variants, thought communication, and thought continuity. The Context Study covers four aspects: historical context, political context, cultural context, and social context. The research findings reveal that K.H. Ahmad Dahlan pointed out that Islam teaches openness (inclusiveness) to all forms of difference, in other words, religion is human nature through awareness of reason and knowledge. While the work of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan in religious moderation is in three areas; in the religious field, covering Islamic and Muhammadiyah reforms, in the education sector including advanced education and Kweekschool, in the social sector including Boedi Oetomo and PKO. Looking at the findings, there are two basic reasons K.H. Ahmad Dahlan developed religious moderation, including: First, Purification of religious understanding, which was originally syncretic-traditional to reformist (renewal) Islam, Second. The dynamization of religious understanding, which was originally Islam used as a ritual religion to become a universal human religion, is able to answer the challenges of the times and is a form of grace for the whole world