Williamson–Hall based X-ray peak analysis of a magnesium doped nano-hydroxyapatite powder produced by a combined ultrasonic and microwave heating-based method

The present study used a combined ultrasonic and microwave heating-based method to produce pure and magnesium doped nano-hydroxyapatite powders. The powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis techniques were used to study the effects of peak broadening in X-ray diffraction data. The analysis revealed magnesium ions were incorporated into the hydroxyapatite structure and changed the lattice parameters. The substitution of magnesium ions increased the (a) lattice parameter by (0.0689%) and slightly decreasing the (c) parameter by (0.2732%). The analysis also revealed magnesium substitution decreased the crystallite size, while properties like lattice strain, stress and anisotropic energy density were increased. Further, the presence of magnesium in the powders reduced their calcium content and acted as a growth inhibitor that that decreased crystallinity