Integrated and layered diagnoses in the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition)

The integrated and layered diagnoses of central nervous system tumors is based on the growing importance of molecular information in the classification of central nervous system tumors. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition) updated the integrated and layered diagnoses methods based on the previous version of the WHO tumors classification (fourth revised version). Layered report feature an integrated diagnosis at the top, followed by layers that display histopathological classification, WHO classification and molecular information. This review mainly focuses on the interpretation of the integrated diagnosis and grading of central nervous system tumors in the new edition tumors classification