Study on Sludge and Dissolved Oxygen Distribution in a Full-Scale A2/O Oxidation Ditch

The distribution of velocity, sludge, and dissolved oxygen in a full-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) oxidation ditch was numerically simulated under three rotation speed scenarios. The viscosity and settling rate of activated sludge were defined through a user-defined function (UDF), and the sludge phase was calculated using the mixture multiphase flow model. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was set as a user-defined source (UDS) and its generation and consumption rates were defined with UDFs. The relationship between velocity and sludge concentration was found to be contradictory, with dead zones leading to large sludge concentrations at the bottom of the oxidation ditch (OD), but not at the middle-curved wall of the anoxic pool. The flow rate of the reflux slot and aerator oxygenation rate were checked and correlated with DO concentrations in the anaerobic pool. The majority of the large sludge concentrations were concentrated in the biological selection pool and these remained constant with bed height. With reduced propeller and agitator rotation speed, the sludge concentrations reduced in the biological selection pool, but increased in the anaerobic and anoxic pools