Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Efisiensi Pemakaian Air Padi Inpari 33 pada Perlakuan Pupuk Anorganik dan Organik

Prioritas pembangunan pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional semakin meningkat seiring peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan produksi salah satunya dengan penggunaan pupuk anorganik, namun penggunaan yang terus menerus memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan dan air. Pupuk organik merupakan salah satu solusi untuk memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi pemakaian air padi Inpari 33 pada perlakuan pupuk anorganik dan organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2020 di IP2TP Sukamandi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Subang Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah pupuk anorganik yang terdiri dari perlakuan tanpa NPK (kontrol), tanpa N, tanpa K, tanpa P dan NPK. Anak petak yaitu pupuk organik terdiri dari pupuk kandang sapi, kompos jerami dan tanpa organik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pupuk anorganik meningkatkan jumlah anakan 44-49%, nilai SPAD 11-12%, hasil 33-51%; dan efisiensi pemakaian air tertinggi 1.17 g gabah L-1 air pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk P. Pupuk organik tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi penggunaan air. Interaksi pupuk anorganik dan organik mempengaruhi jumlah anakan, jumlah malai per rumpun, berat 1,000 butir dan total evapotranspirasi. Penambahan pupuk kandang sapi sangat mempengaruhi jumlah anakan dan total evapotranspirasi pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk P. Kata kunci: evapotranspirasi, hara, kompos, NPK, pupuk kandangThe priority of agricultural development to supply national food in line with increasing population. One of the ways enhancements of rice productions is application of inorganic fertilizers, but the application inorganic fertilizer in long term causes soil and water degradation. The organic fertilizer would be restoring the soil condition. This research aims to determine growth, yield and water use efficiency in rice Inpari 33 under anorganic and organic fertilizer treatments. The research was conducted from July to December 2020 in IP2TP Sukamandi, Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Subang-West Java. The research design is split plot with three replications. The main plot was anorganic fertilizers, namely no application fertilizer of NPK, N, K, P, and application NPK fertilizer. Sub-plots were organic fertilizers consisting of manure, straw compost, and non-organic fertilizers. The research results showed that no application P, K, and NPK fertilizer increased the number of tillers by 44-49%, SPAD value 11-12%, and rice production 33-51%; and the highest water use efficiency 1.17 g grain L-1 water was obtained on no application of P. Organic fertilizers were not increase growth, rice production, and water use efficiency. However, there was an interaction between inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments that affected the number of tillers, number of panicles per hill, weight of 1,000 grains and total evapotranspiration. Keywords: compost, evapotranspiration, manure, nutrient, NP