Деятельность милиции Украинской ССР по противодействию преступности в конце 1950-х годов

Досліджено головні аспекти діяльності міліції Української РСР, пов’язані з боротьбою проти кримінальної злочинності у кінці 1950-х років. Висвітлено сутність кримінально-правової політики держави у перші роки десталінізації та загальний стан кримінальної злочинності у цей же період, проаналізовано форми і методи керівництва протидією злочинності з боку МВС республіки, зокрема зміст і спрямованість директив МВС та орієнтувань МВС, їх відмінності, особливості перевірок оперативно-службової діяльності окремих УВС областей з подальшим розглядом їх результатів на колегії МВС та значення всіх цих заходів у поліпшенні роботи місцевих органів міліції.The main aspects of the activity of the police of the Ukrainian SSR related to the fighting against crime in the late 1950s have been studied. Historiography of this problem is virtually absent, Ukrainian scholars, historians of law, have not directly studied this topic and period. The essence of the criminal law policy of the state in the first years of de-Stalinization has been highlighted. Since the mid-1950s, legislative activity in Ukraine has become more intense, the number of new regulations has increased rapidly, and their quality has improved. The death penalty – execution by firing squad - was declared an exceptional measure of punishment. Its application was allowed only for the most serious and dangerous for the state crimes specified in the law. The maximum term of imprisonment has sharply decreased from 25 to 15 years. Statistics on the general state of criminal crime in this period are given. Forms and methods in combating crime management by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic are analyzed, in particular the content and direction of directives and orientations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, their differences, features of inspections of operational and service activities of individual police departments of the regions with further consideration of its results at the board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the importance of all these measures in improving the work of local police. The state of crime in certain areas and indicated measures to improve the work of local police in this area are analyzed in the directives. Orientations in their structure and content were slightly less administrative than directives, as they were not signed by the Minister of the Interior, but by the Deputy Minister of Police and at the same time the Head of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR or one of the Interior Ministry departments. They also had a little more specificity on examples of crimes. There were some shortcomings in the work of the police, primarily due to staff shortages. Yes, there were people among the traffic inspectors who did not have driver's license and could not drive a car. But in general, the results of police work in these years have been positive. By 1959, the criminogenic situation had improved, the number of serious crimes had decreased, and police officers had used a wide arsenal of tools to combat crime, including active search and investigative work using the secret service.Исследованы главные аспекты деятельности милиции Украинской ССР, связанные с борьбой против уголовной преступности в конце 1950-х годов. Освещены сущность уголовно-правовой политики государства в первые годы десталинизации и общее состояние уголовной преступности в этот же период, проанализированы формы и методы руководства противодействием преступности со стороны МВД республики, в частности содержание и направленность директив МВД и ориентиров МВД, их отличия, особенности проверок оперативно-служебной деятельности отдельных УВД областей с последующим рассмотрением их результатов на коллегии МВД и значение всех этих мер в улучшении работы местных органов милиции