Following a documentary-descriptive and quantitative-analytical investigation, the article analyzes, from a retrospective perspective, the main features that define the first three decades of MERCOSUR and its transformations. It emphasizes the study of the commercial performance of the integration process during the period 2000-2021, both in its intra-regional and extra-regional relations, to provide a prospective vision to the analysis of its present and immediate economic future. It also describes the main trends in the exchange of goods, the topics of recent discussion and the latest events in the MERCOSUR-Asia external relations. Among other things, it shows the loss of commercial importance of the European Union and the United States; ...