Factors influencing effectiveness of e-learning systems among universities during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe affecting various aspects of human life worldwide, including education. Higher education is facing an unprecedented crisis all over the world. According to the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization "UNESCO" more than 1.5 billion students in 165 countries have to drop out of academies and universities due to the Covid-19 outbreak. The pandemic has forced academic bodies globally to discover new forms of learning and teaching, including e-learning. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of the e-learning system during COVID-19 in worldwide universities including Malaysia. A systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted as the method. It is started by a mapping process extracted from the current guidelines for classification and structuring of research guides published in the field of e-learning in Malaysian universities and worldwide. Twenty-four research papers have been acquired, through these papers, factors apperceived, which substantiated the results (SLR) of seven factors that can affect the adoption of e-learning systems in universities worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic: 1) Perceived usefulness 2) Perceived ease of use 3) System Quality 4) Actual use system 5) Behavioral intention 6) Attitude toward using 7) Information Quality. The SLR results will be beneficial for understanding the needs of universities to improve the e-learning systems, especially during the period of the pandemic, post-pandemic, or any crises in the future by looking at the factors that may be a measure of the environment to adapt