Inovatyvių 3D spausdintų karkasų, skirtų kaulinei regeneracijai, sukūrimas ir įvertinimas in vitro ir in vivo

Nowadays, the number of performed bone augmentation surgeries in various fields of medicine is growing. Bone augmentation is performed by restoring a bone defect with various bone substitutes. However, they fail to match all the ideal bone graft criteria. Therefore, the limitations of existing bone grafting procedures and bone substitutes have led to a strong clinical need to develop and evaluate newly designed biomaterials. This work analysed the morphology, printing accuracy, and porosity of 3D scaffolds printed from industrial polylactic acid (PLA) filaments with different FDM 3D printers. Innovative topologically ordered 3D scaffolds were created using the combination of hot melt extrusion and FDM technologies from PLA micro granules, PLA and hydroxyapatite or PLA and bioglass 45S5. The results of the morphology, printing accuracy and porosity of produced 3D printed scaffolds were evaluated and compared with the results of the industrial PLA scaffolds. Micro-CT and bone histological analysis results of bone tissue regeneration using various osteoconductive and osteoinductive (enhanced with dental pulp stem cells or their extracellular matrix) scaffolds in the Wistar rat critical-size calvarial defect model were analysed in the study. Moreover, the obtained results were compared with one of the most well-known and widely used xenogeneic materials in clinical practice – Geistlich Bio-Oss®. This study's in vitro and in vivo knowledge is essential for tissue engineering and "OSSEUM 4D" artificial bone tissue development