A Contrastive Study of Imperative Sentence in English and Javanese Language

Keyword: English imperative sentence, Javanese imperative sentence Language is the system of communication used by most of the people in the society. In the life, people are not only mastering their first language but also their second language. The first language that the writer means here is Javanese and the second language is English. As the human society, people ever need someone’s help. They can express their request using a polite language. The sentence that used to give a command by them is named imperative sentence. Imperative sentence have many functions, like as request, invitation, prohibition and other. But, the writer just focuses on her study on imperative sentence that used in the film “Honey Dance” and ludruk “Pangeran Diponegoro” based on the functions and markers. The writer took the data from film “Honey Dance” and ludruk “Pangeran Diponegoro” based on the following reasons: 1) the conversations script of this film is easy to understood and using simple sentence. 2) The film contains many kinds of imperative sentences. 3) The sentences in ludruk using simple sentence that easy to understand. 4) The ludruk has the story of Pangeran Diponegoro’s fighting in the past. So, the writer not only wants to analyze the conversations but also to knows the history of the fighting one of the Indonesian heroes in the past. The formulation of the research problems are: 1) what are the similarities of imperative sentences in English and Javanese language based on their functions and markers? 2) What are the differences of imperative sentences in English and Javanese language based on their functions and markers? The purposes of this study are to: 1) Find out the similarities of imperative sentences in English and Javanese language based on their functions and markers. 2) Find out the differences of imperative sentences in English and Javanese language based on their functions and markers. The research methods of this study are: 1) it is uses qualitative research. 2) The data are taken from film and ludruk. 3) The method of collecting data is documentation. 4) The technique of data analysis used is contrastive analysis methods. The result of this study, based on the functions of imperative sentences in English and Javanese, their similarities are: 1) To express a command, both of them are using the imperative verb. For example: listen (English) and mikir (Javanese). 2) To express a request, both of them are using polite request. English is using please to show politeness and Javanese is using basa krama. 3) To express an advice, both of them are using should for English and kudu for Javanese that has same meaning. 4) To express a prohibition, both of them are using don’t for English and aja for Javanese that has same meaning The differences both of them based on the functions are: 1) To express a command, English using imperative verb. Javanese using imperative verb added by suffixes {-a}, {-na}, {-ana} and {-en}. 2) Javanese, there is imperative sentence as invitation that has the meaning ajakan. English, there is no imperative as invitation. 3) To show an advice, English has the clear characteristic to indicate the imperative, Javanese not always has the clear characteristic to indicate the imperative, so we must understood about what the mean of the sentence first. 4) To express a suggestion, English using let’s as their characteristic that has same meaning with ayo in Javanese. But, ayo in Javanese belongs to imperative sentence as invitation. So there is no suggestion in Javanese. 5) In English, there is no imperative as expectation and allusion. The similarities both of them based on the markers are: 1) To show a request, both of them using marker please. 2) To show an advice, both of them using marker should that has same meaning in both of them. 3) To show a prohibition, both of them using marker don’t that has same meaning in both of them. The differences both of them based on the markers are: 1) English, there is no marker in command. Whereas in Javanese, there is markers to indicate a command, they are suffixes {-a},{-ana}, {-en} and {-na}. 2) Javanese, the marker used to show invitation is ayo and mangga. English, there is no marker found. 3) English has the marker let’s to show a suggestion, but no marker in Javanese. 4) Javanese has the marker to show an expectation and allusion, but no marker in English