Injuries in contact team sports and examples of modified games for use in teaching and school sports

Kontaktni timski sportovi su sportske igre koje po svojoj strukturi naglašavaju ili zahtijevaju fizički kontakt između igrača. Iznimno su popularni kod mladih jer pobuđuju intrinzičnu motiviranost kod sportaša i učenika. Bavljenjem ovakvim vidom tjelesne aktivnosti razvijaju se zdravstveni, motorički, funkcionalni i psihološki potencijali kod sportaša. Osim nabrojanih pozitivnih aspekata, postoje i oni negativni koji su vezani uz ozljede koje mogu biti indicirane kontaktom. Ovo pregledno istraživanje ukazalo je da kod kontaktnih sportova najčešće dolazi do ozljeda kostiju, ligamenata i tetiva. Znanstveno su istraženi najpopularniji sportovi: nogomet, košarka, rukomet, ragbi i vaterpolo. Svaki sport zasebno nosi potencijalne rizike od ozljede te je za svaki posebno objašnjen na osnovi preglednih znanstvenih istraživanja. Osim analize najučestalijih ozljeda kod momčadskih kontaktnih sportova, prezentirane su i modificirane inačice za ragbi, košarku i rukomet, kod kojih nema kontakta, čime je smanjena mogućnost ozljeda kod sportaša. Touch rugby, netball i street handball prezentirani su sa svojim pravilima te se mogu vrlo lako implementirati u rad s mladim sportašima i učenicima na satu TZK-a. Ovakve igre potiču uključivanje velikog broja učenika i sportaša, čime se razvija baza za zdravstveno, tjelesno usmjereno vježbanje gdje je mogućnost ozljede svedena na minimum.Contact team sports are sports games that structurally emphasize or require physical contact between players. They are extremely popular with young people because they inspire intrinsic motivation in athletes and students. Taking part in this type of physical activity develops health, motoric, functional, and psychological potentials in athletes. In addition to the listed positive aspects, there are also negative ones, related to injuries that may be caused by contact. This review study showed that in contact sports the injuries of bones, ligaments, and tendons appear most frequently. The most popular contact sports football, basketball, handball, rugby, and water polo have been scientifically researched. Each sport separately carries the potential risks of injury, and each one is individually explained based on review studies. In addition to the analysis of the most common injuries in team contact sports, the modified versions of rugby, basketball, and handball are presented. They are contactless, which reduces the possibility of injuries in athletes. Touch rugby, netball and street handball are presented with their own rules and can be very easily implemented in working with young athletes and students in school. Such games encourage the participation of many students and athletes, thus developing a base for health-oriented exercise with minimal risk of injury