PEMIKIRAN LINGUISTIK ARAB MAHDI AL-MAKHZUMI DALAM PEMBARUAN NAHW (KAJIAN EPISTEMOLOGIS)

An assessment of Modern linguists’ delineates that classical Arabic syntax is a philosophical-theological-prescriptive, therefore making it difficult for Arabic learners to learn. Hence, modern linguists criticize classical Arabic syntax by reconstructing and offering the renewal of Arabic syntax to become more scientific, descriptive, and simplistic. One of the contemporary linguists is Mahdi al-Makhzumi (1919-1994), an Iraqi Arabic syntax expert who studied in Egypt. Based on his view, Arabic linguistics will continue to experience development unless the epistemological stance of classical Arabic syntax is reconstructed and simplified. Based on these ideas, this research aims to reveal the epistemology of Arabic syntax that Mahdi al-Makhzumi arranges and uncovers its implications in the renewal of Arabic syntax. This research starts from the argument that Al-Makhzumi made a substantial and valuable contribution to Arabic linguistics, and dominated in the renewal of Arabic syntax. For this reason, this study attempts to answer three main questions, these are: (1) why does Mahdi al-Makhzumi compose epistemology of modern Arabic syntax, (2) how are the linguistic thoughts of Mahdi al-Makhzumi in the renewal of Arabic syntax, (3) how are the major implications of Mahdi al-Makhzumi thoughts in the renewal of Arabic syntax. The scientific approaches utilized for these questions include the philosophy of language with epistemology of classical Arabic syntax theory, modern Arabic linguistics, and Arabic grammar. This study uses qualitative data with primary data sources from the original books of Mahdi al-Makhzumi and secondary data sources in the form of relevant books. The data collection methods are synthetic-heuristic and interviews, whilst, data analysis of this e e xv research uses internal text discourse with methods of linguistic and intertextual analysis. Based on the above research, this study concludes the following findings. First, Al-Makhzumi reforms to criticize classical Arabic syntax and rejects prescriptive Arabic syntax, rearranges the terms of Arabic syntax, and offers directions for Arabic syntax (instruction). This is because Al-Makhzumi wants to revert back to the original purpose of Arabic syntax, keep it away from philosophy and makes it easy to learn. Second, Al-Makhzumi used integrative updating approach between classical Arabic and Western Arabic linguistics that gives the meaning of epistemology. The method used by Al-Makhzumi is a descriptive method in updating the Arabic syntax so that he produces the theory of simplification of Arabic syntax (taisir an-nah}w al-‘arabi). In Arabic syntax, the thought of Al-Makhzumi was influenced by Imam Khalil ibn Ah}mad al-Farahidi, madrasah Kufah (Imam al-Farra'), the opinion of Ibn Mada' al-Qurtubi and also his own lecturer, namely Ibrahim Mus}t}afa as it is clear from the aspect of Arabic syntax renewal of Ibrahim Mus}t}afa in calling for the revitalization of Arabic syntax. Third, the thought of Arabic syntax of Al-Makhzumi is applicable, and his renewal of its Arabic syntax has implications for an-nah}w at-ta'limi and ta'lim an-nah}w. It is clear that he combines Arabic phonology and Arabic morphology in compiling the simplification of Arabic syntax (taisir an-nah}w al-'Arabi). In conclusion, if any Arabic syntax expert who has an original Arabic books, he must have own epistemology of Arabic syntax renewal. In the Arabic linguistic paradigms, the Arabic syntax (modern Arabic syntax) is still in process, not yet fully applied evenly in society