PENGELOLAAN KEAGAMAAN ISLAM STUDI PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN HIJRIAH DI INDONESIA, TURKI, DAN MAROKO

This dissertation examines the management of Islamic religion related to the Hijri calendar in Indonesia, Turkey and Morocco. The selection of the three countries was motivated by the absence of studies related to the Hijri Calendar in countries that were quite active in the development of the Hijri calendar discourse. In addition, the relation pattern between religions and different countries between Indonesia, Turkey and Morocco is very possible for differences in the management of the Hijri Calendar which has been in the spotlight, especially before the arrival of the months of Ramadan, Shawwal and Zulhijjah. Also, the use of different religious madhhabs makes the Hijri calendar management model carried out by the government more diverse. The author uses Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony to analyze the results of the study on the phenomenon of determining the beginning of the Hijri month in Indonesia, Turkey and Morocco. The method used in data collection is field research. As for data analysis, the authors use historical analysis and hermeneuticaldialectical approaches. With historical analysis, researchers can see the history and dynamics behind the decisions taken by the three state institutions in relation to the Hijri Calendar. Meanwhile, the hermeneutical-dialectical method is used to examine the thought models of each institution which are scattered in the policy texts that have been decided. Based on the results of the research and the data analysis, can be concluded as follows; first, the model of religious management in Indonesia is identical to the minimum hegemony model where it is possible for parties to disagree with the government's decision (counter hegemony). Turkey is more identical to total hegemony where Diyanet is constitutionally tasked with managing the Islamic religion and all people obey Diyanet's decisions. As for Morocco, the monarchy model is more inclined to domination. Second, in thecontext of determining the beginning of the Hijri month, Indonesia uses the imkan rukyat criteria. This criterion is based on the MABIMS criteria agreed in 1998. Turkey uses the 6-year reckoning method using the criteria agreed in Turkey in 2016. Concurrently, Morocco uses the pure rukyat method without the aid of tools in accordance with their understanding of the teachings of the Maliki Madhhab. The policies taken by the Indonesian government have made several differences in the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month. This is a form of counter hegemony from several Islamic organizations that do not agree with the criteria set by the government. The policies taken by the governments of Turkey and Morocco make no difference in determining the beginning of the Hijri month so that Muslims in these countries can start and end fasting simultaneously. The application of the hegemonic model in policy making has different implications for the lives of Muslims in each country