Nurses, health educators – development of a health education curriculum

U radu se daje kratki prikaz javnozdravstvene djelatnosti medicinskih sestara i ističe njihova zdravstveno-prosvjetiteljska uloga. Osim skrbi za bolesne, sestre pomoćnice bile su zdravstvene učiteljice, voditeljice tečajeva, odlazile su u kućne posjete te su bile preteča socijalnih radnika kakve danas poznajemo. U drugom dijelu rada razmatraju se nastavni programi od 1921. godine do danas i prikazuje slijed razvoja nastavnog predmeta Metodika zdravstvenog odgoja. Prvi nastavni planovi i programi obuhvaćali su općemedicinsku naobrazbu. Naglasak se ipak stavljao na sadržaje o tuberkulozi što je razumljivo radi osnovne namjere o osnivanju Škole za sestre pomoćnice. Nastava se od samog osnutka Škole organizirala kao teorijska i praktična izobrazba. Praktični dio izobrazbe između ostaloga se sastojao od kuhanja u školskoj kuhinji, praktične nastave u školskoj poliklinici i provođenja higijensko-domaćinskih tečajeva. Izvanučionička nastava izvodila se posjetom različitim zdravstvenim i socijalnim ustanovama kao što su stanice za medikopedagoško savjetovanje, posjetom gradskim i seoskim higijenskim instalacijama, stanici za izbor zvanja, posjetom odgojnim zavodima, ustanovama za kolektivnu prehranu, tvornicama i dr. U sto godina obrazovanja medicinskih sestara u Hrvatskoj bilo je više reformi obrazovanja, mijenjala se zdravstvena politika, mijenjalo se trajanje obrazovanja, modernizirali su se i prilagođavali nastavni planovi i programi te pratile potrebe populacije za zdravstvenim stručnjacima. Aktualni nastavni plan i program u obrazovanju medicinske sestre / medicinskog tehničara opće njege također sadrži značajan udio socijalno-medicinskih sadržaja u skladu s današnjim izazovima koji ugrožavaju zdravlje pojedinca i zajednice. Metode poučavanja u zdravstvenom odgoju također su pratile suvremene spoznaje, a nastavna sredstva i pomagala modernizirala su se s vremenom do gotovo neslućenih razmjera u stogodišnjem periodu. Škola za medicinske sestre Mlinarska i danas pohranjuje te brižno čuva neka nastavna sredstva i pomagala koja su se koristila u predmetu Metodika zdravstvenog odgoja i u ostalim predmetima struke.This paper gives a brief overview of the public health activities of nurses and emphasizes their health education role. In addition to caring for the sick, the assistant nurses were health teachers, course leaders, home visits and were the forerunners of social workers as we know them today. The second part of the paper discusses the curricula from 1921 to the present day and shows the sequence of development of the subject of health education methods. The first curricula included general medical education. The emphasis, however, was on the contents of tuberculosis, which is understandable given the basic intention of establishing a School for Assistant Nurses. Teaching has been organized as a theoretical and practical training since the very foundation of the School. The practical part of the training consisted, among other things, of cooking in the school kitchen, practical classes in the school clinic, conducting hygiene and homework courses, etc. Extracurricular classes were conducted by visiting various health and social institutions such as medical and pedagogical counseling stations, visiting urban and rural hygiene, installations, vocational training stations, visits to educational institutions, institutions for collective nutrition, factories, etc. In the hundred years of education of nurses in Croatia, there have been several educational reforms, changes of health policy, the duration of education has changed, curricula have been modernized and adjusted, and programs in modern medicine, followed the needs of the population for health professionals. The current curriculum in the education of a nurse / general care technician also contains a significant share of the social medical content in line with today\u27s challenges that threaten the health of the individual and the community. Teaching methods in health education have also been accompanied by modern knowledge, and teaching aids and aids have been modernized over time to almost unimaginable proportions over a hundred years. The School of Nursing Mlinarska still stores and carefully preserves some teaching aids and aids that have been used in the subject of health education methodology, as well as in other subjects of the profession