Post-translational modifications are involved in a large number of physiological signaling pathways and are essential for normal cellular functioning. Their deregulation is involved in multiple pathological processes, and particularly in carcinogenesis. The lysine methyltransferases SMYD2 and SMYD3 belong to the family of SET and MYND domain-containing proteins (SMYD) and are both overexpressed in many cancers. They participate in the regulation of multiple canonical oncogenic pathways via the methylation of substrates such as p53 by SMYD2, or VEGFR1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), and MAP3K2 (Mitogen -activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2) within the Ras / Raf / Mek / Erk pathway by SMYD3.In this thesis work, using data...