Rezultati ispitivanja mašina za obradu zemljišta i setvu heljde i raži

The paper presents an analysis and comparison of the results of exploitation testing the different machines for soil tillage under conventional and reduced tillage, as well as evaluating the quality of the two types of sowing in the production of buckwheat and winter rye, in the conditions of northern Kosovo and Metohia. The previous crop was mercantile maize. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the aggregate labor indicators for tillage and seeding, in the production of winter rye and buckwheat, and the results will enable proper selection of appropriate technological and technical systems and pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the applied systems for tillage and seeding. In a variant of conventional tillage in relation to reduced tillage fuel consumption was higher by 27.41 up to 27.73%, while the yields of buckwheat was lower by 22.02%, and winter rye up to 20.18%. Measured values of longitudinal and lateral distances, and depths of buckwheat and rye seeds, are numerically processed using inverse distance interpolation method. Consequently, an appropriate contour maps that present distributions of relative frequencies with respect to longitudinal and lateral seeding distances, as well as seeding depths, are drawn. These maps clearly illustrate accuracy quality of work and operational stability of two analyzed seeding machines having quire different designs of seeding apparatus, in the working conditions of buckwheat and rye seeding.Rad predstavlja analizu i upoređenje rezultata eksploatacionih ispitivanja različitih mašina za obradu zemljišta u okviru konvencionale i redukovane obrade, kao i ocenu kvaliteta rada dva tipa sejalica u proizvodnji heljde i ozime raži u uslovima severnog Kosova i Metohije. Predkultura je bila merkantilni kukuruz. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrde pokazatelji efekata rada agregata za obradu zemljišta i setvu u proizvodnji heljde i ozime raži, a dobijeni rezultati omogućiće pravilan izbor odgovarajućeg tehnološko-tehničkog sistema i ukazati na prednosti i nedostatke primenjenih sistema za obradu zemljišta i setvu. U varijanti konvencionalne obrade u odnosu na redukovanu obradu potrošnja goriva je bila veća za 27,41-27,73%, pri čemu su ostvareni prinosi heljde bili manji za 22,02%, a ozime raži za 20,18%. Kvalitet rada sejalica obuhvatio je određivanje uzdužnog, poprečnog i rasporeda zrna po dubini setvenog sloja. Izmerene vrednosti uzdužnih i poprečnih rastojanja kao i dubine setve heljde i raži, su numerički obrađene metodom interpolacije inverzne udaljenosti. Na osnovu toga, urađene su odgovarajuće konturne mape koje predstavljaju distribucije relativne učestalosti u odnosu na uzdužna i bočna rastojanja semena pri setvi, kao i dubinu setve. Ove mape jasno pokazuju kvalitet rada i radnu stabilnost dveju analiziranih sejalica sa različitom konstrukcijom setvenog aparata, u uslovima rada pri setvi heljde i raži