Glukozinolati - prirodna antifungalna jedinjenja

Plants belonging to Brassicaceae family accumulate secondary metabolites, glucosinolates, as their constituent compounds. The amount of glucosinolates in brassica plants depend on growth stage, plant part, ecological conditions and agricultural practices. As a reaction to wounding and injury of plant tissue glucosinolates undergo enzymatic hydrolysis with myrosinase and volatile isothiocyanates are released. These volatiles have been long known for their fungicidal, bactericidal, nematocidal and alelopatic properties. Antifungal potencial of isothiocyanates originating from Brassicaceae plants has been confirmed towards many plant pathogenic fungi. Glucosinolates and the products of their hydrolysis are natural products which are considered to be fully biodegradable and non-toxic, making them eligible contenders for organic and integrated pest management.Biljke iz familije Brassicaceae konstitutivno akumuliraju značajne količine sekundarnih metabolita, glukozinolata. Sadržaj glukozinolata u kupusima zavisi od fenofaze razvoja, biljnog dela, ekoloških i agrotehničkih faktora. Usled povreda i oštećenja biljnog tkiva pod uticajem enzima mirozinaze dolazi do hidrolitičkog razlaganja glukozinolata, pri čemu se oslobađaju isparljivi izotiocijanati. Ova jedinjenja su odavno poznati po svom fungicidnom, baktericidnom, nematocidnom i alelopatskom svojstvu. Antifungalni potencijal izotiocijanata biljaka iz familije Brassicaceae potvrđen je prema mnogim fitopatogenim gljivama. Glukozinolati i njihovi hidrolitički produkti izotiocijanati predstavljaju prirodna, biodegradiblna i netoksična jedinjenja biljaka sa velikim antifungalnim potencijalom, što ih čini pogodnim alternativnim merama kontrole patogena u organskoj i integralnoj zaštiti bilja