Proučavanje introdukovanih ranih sorti kajsije u beogradskom Podunavlju

Apricot cultivar assortment in Serbia is characterized by small number of cultivars and a short period of maturing. Most apricot fruits are harvested in the season of cultivar 'Hungarian Best' or at a short time (about ten days) afterwards. There is particularly a lack of early-maturing cultivars of high quality fruit. The aim of this study was the evaluation of 12 introduced apricot cultivars of early maturing time in order to recommend best of them for growing in Belgrade area. Study was carried out at the Experimental station 'Radmilovac' of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade over a period of four years (2009-2012). The experimental orchard was established in 2007, the rootstock was Myrobalan seedling, and tree spacing was 4.5 x 3 m. Control cultivar for comparison was 'Hungarian Best' ('Magyar Kajszi'), which is the most grown apricot cultivar in Serbia. Introduced cultivars began to flower one to three days before the 'Hungarian Best', with the exception of four cultivars ('Lejuna', 'Sunglow', 'Vesna', and 'Veselka'), that began to flower at the same time as the control cultivar. Average maturing time was from June, 8 ('Aurora') to June, 20 ('Tomcot'), or 25 to 13 days before the 'Hungarian Best'. Compared with the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was achieved in four cultivars 'Dunstan', 'Ninfa', 'Leskora', and 'Veselka', while significantly larger fruit size was achieved in two cultivars: 'Dunstan' and 'Strepet.' Cultivars 'Dunstan' and 'Tomcot' are characterized by high content of soluble solids. Most of the introduced cultivars had better fruit appearance, while fruit quality was generally lower than in control cultivar. Among studied apricot cultivars, four of them were singled out as promising for growing in the region of Belgrade: 'Aurora', 'Dunstan', 'Veselka', and 'Tomcot'.U periodu od četiri godine (2009-2012. godina) na području Beograda proučavane su karakteristike dvanaest novointrodukovanih sorti kajsije ranog vremena zrenja, uporedo sa sortom Magyar Kajszi, koja je uzeta kao standard. Većina ispitivanih sorti je cvetala 1-3 dana pre standard sorte, dok je vreme zrenja bilo 13 do 25 dana ranije. Statistički značajno veći prinos po stablu u odnosu na kontrolu imale su sorte Dunstan, Ninfa, Leskora i Veselka, dok su veću masu ploda imale sorte Dunstan i Strepet. Većina introdukovanih sorti je imala bolji izgled ploda, dok je kvalitet bio lošiji u odnosu na kontrolu. Među proučavanim sortama četiri su se izdvojile kao perspektivne za gajenje na području Beograda: Aurora, Dunstan, Veselka i Tomcot