Produžno dejstvo meliorativne obrade na fizičke osobine zemljišta u usevu ozime pšenice

The paper deals with the subsequently effect of ameliorative tillage on the dynamics of some important physical soil properties in winter wheat. The trial was carried-out at the experimental fields of Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje' Krnjesevci near Belgrade on meadows chernozem soil type. The folowing ameliorative and conventional tillage systems were included in ivestigations: 1. Ameliorative tillage system - (ATS) - includes new types machines for field systematization-scrapers (USM 5) in autumn, drainage plow on the depth 60-80 cm, and subsoil with heavy vibratory subsoiler VR 5. on 30-35cm depth. After basic tillage we prepared soil for seeding with preparation by disking and harrowing 2. Control variant - conventional tillage without ameliorative measures In 2008.yr previous crop were maize and sunflower after that ameliorative measures. Second crop in 2009/2010 were winter wheat. The following soil properties were studied: bulk density, total porosity, moisture weight and volume percent, and total water content in different layers in m3, in tillering and heading stage of winter wheat on the different depth 0-10; 10-10; 20-30. Ameliorative tillage systems had subsequently effects for all investigated soil properties on this heavy soil type compared with control.Ispitivanje uticaja produžnog dejstva jednog novog sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta na neke važnije fizičke osobine zemljišta u usevu ozime pšenice obavljeno je u Krnješevcima na imanju Instituta za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje' u periodu od 2008 - 2010. godine. U ispitivanju smo imali dve varijante: 1. Sistem meliorativne obrade zemljišta (ravnanje + rad krtičnog pluga + podrivanje + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). 2. - Kontrolu sa konvencionalnom obradom zemljišta (oranje raonični plugom + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). U drugoj godini posle izvedenih mera u zasejanom usevu ozime pšenice pratili smo dinamiku fizičkih osobina zemljišta u fazi bokorenja i klasanju. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su statistički analizom varijanse i pokazali su da postoje brojne statistički signifikantne razlike u sa povoljnijim fizičkim osobina na meliorisanom zemljištu u poređenju sa kontrolnom varijantom. Gornji delovi orničnog sloja su rastresitiji na meliorisanoj varijanti tako da su u stanju da prihvate lakše veće količine vode i što je važno da je brže sprovedu u dublje slojeve. Ove činjenice pokazuju da meliorativne mere imaju produžno dejstvo koje se oseća i u narednim godinama